Endurance Charge before or after armour reduction?

In which way do endurance charges reduce the damage? Before armour gets calculated, after or in some other way?

Thanks!

1. Armor is calculated -> say you got 43%
2. You have 9 endurance charges -> 45%
3. They are additive: 43%+45%=88%

Are you sure? Because thats huge! Even more than pre-armour-multiplicative ...

Source?

Emprical

The question is whether this 5% increase of reduction is dependent on the incoming damage and gets reduced in a similar way that armour-effectiveness gets reduced.

How is this number of damage reduction in the character sheet calaculated? With what damage income?

The thing about Endurance Charge is that it is NOT dependant on incoming damage. Thats the point of charges. You will have those 45% nevertheless incoming damage.
How is reduction calculated from armor you can check in wiki page