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If I have 30% increased buff effects, would that result in a rounded down 1% increased block chance from the 6% of Tempest Shield?
Yes.
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Do these passive skills affect the mana costs of auras?
No.
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Is an increased buff stat a true amount which is not modified or do passive/gear modifiers apply to it and would this apply to the Discipline aura?
I don't know what you mean by this.